Journal: Molecular Cancer

Article Title: KDM5B-driven glucose metabolic reprogramming promotes enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer via the lactate/hnRNPA1 lactylation/AR-V7 axis

doi: 10.1186/s12943-026-02602-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: KDM5B-mediated lactylation is a key mechanism of acquired Enza resistance in PCa. A RT-qPCR analysis of KDM5B mRNA expression across an immortalized prostate epithelial cell line and four PCa cell lines. B-C Determination of Enza half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50​) in parental (LNCaP, C4-2) and Enza-resistant (LNCaP EnzR, C4-2 EnzR) cell lines. D Western blot analysis of KDM5B and Pan-Kla levels in parental versus Enza-resistant PCa cell lines (left). q-PCR detection of KDM5B mRNA levels in wild-type and drug-resistant LNCaP and C4-2 cell lines(right). E Western blot analysis of KDM5B and Pan-Kla levels in EnzR cells following KDM5B knockdown with specific shRNA (shKDM5B) compared to a non-targeting control (shNC). F Western blot analysis of KDM5B and Pan-Kla levels in parental PCa cells following KDM5B overexpression (oeKDM5B) compared to an empty vector (EV) control. G-H Western blot analysis of KDM5B and Pan-Kla levels in parental and EnzR cell lines treated with sodium lactate or sodium oxamate. I-J CCK-8 cell proliferation assays of KDM5B-knockdown EnzR cells (I) and KDM5B-overexpressing parental cells (J) treated with DMSO, Enza, or Enza + Sodium lactate or Enza + Sodium oxamate. K-N Colony formation assays assessing the long-term proliferative capacity of KDM5B-knockdown EnzR cells (K, M) and KDM5B-overexpressing parental cells (L, N) under DMSO, Enza, Enza + Sodium lactate, or Enza + Sodium oxamate treatment. Representative images and quantification are shown. O Schematic of the in vivo cell-derived xenograft (CDX) experimental design (Drawn using the Biorender platform). P-Q Tumor growth curves (P) and final tumor weights (Q) of CDX models derived from LNCaP EnzR cells (shNC vs. shKDM5B) treated with Enza or Enza plus lactate (n = 5 per group). R Representative images of excised tumors from all four treatment groups at the study endpoint. (S) Representative TUNEL immunofluorescence staining for apoptosis in tumor sections from the different treatment groups. Scale bar, 20 µm. ns, not significant; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the slides were stained with the TUNEL Bright Red Apoptosis Detection Kit (Cat. A113-01, Vazyme Biotech, Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Knockdown, shRNA, Control, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, CCK-8 Assay, In Vivo, Derivative Assay, TUNEL Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Molecular Cancer

Article Title: KDM5B-driven glucose metabolic reprogramming promotes enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer via the lactate/hnRNPA1 lactylation/AR-V7 axis

doi: 10.1186/s12943-026-02602-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: p300 and HDAC1/2 respectively serve as the putatived “Writer” and “Erasers” for the lactylation of hnRNPA1-K179. A-D Identification of HDAC1 and HDAC2 as the delactylase enzymes ("erasers") for hnRNPA1. Western blot showing increased hnRNPA1-K179 lactylation upon treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), but not the sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM) (A). Specific knockdown of HDAC1 (B) and HDAC2 (C), but not HDAC3 (D), increases K179 lactylation. E-I Identification of p300 as the lactyltransferase ("writer") for hnRNPA1. An shRNA screen targeting potential writers shows that only knockdown of p300 (E) significantly reduces K179 lactylation, whereas knockdown of other candidates has no effect (F-I). J-K Co-IP analyses confirming the physical interaction of hnRNPA1 with its writer, p300 (J), and its erasers, HDAC1 and HDAC2 (K), in EnzR cells. (L) RT-qPCR analysis demonstrating that pharmacological inhibition of p300 with C646 decreases AR-V7 mRNA levels, while inhibition of HDACs with TSA increases AR-V7 levels. M-Q In vivo validation of p300 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to overcome Enza resistance. Schematic of the CDX model design (M) (Drawn using Biorender platform). Representative images of excised tumors (N), tumor growth curves (O), and final tumor weights (P) from mice treated with DMSO, Enza, the p300 inhibitor C646, the KDM5B inhibitor CPI-455, or the combination, demonstrating a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Representative TUNEL immunofluorescence staining for apoptosis in tumor sections (Q). ns, not significant; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the slides were stained with the TUNEL Bright Red Apoptosis Detection Kit (Cat. A113-01, Vazyme Biotech, Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Knockdown, shRNA, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Inhibition, In Vivo, Biomarker Discovery, TUNEL Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

Article Title: Thermosensitive Hydrogel with Programmable, Self-Regulated HIF-1α Stabilizer Release for Myocardial Infarction Treatment.

doi: 10.1002/advs.202408013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. The design, function and application of the injectable release-induced degradation thermosensitive hydrogel for HIF-1𝛼stabilization on my- ocardial infarction. Hydrogel formation is induced by hydrogen-bonding interactions between hydrophobic NIPAAm at 37 °C and 𝜋–𝜋interaction between DPCA. The pendant DPCAs on the polymer backbone enhanced gel formation by hydrophobic interaction. DPCA release can be initiated and controlled by the break of ester bonds. The released DPCA acts as an inhibitor of PHDs and maintains HIF-1𝛼stability to alleviate fibrosis and myocardial apoptosis, promote regeneration and angiogenesis.

Article Snippet: Besides similar preliminary processing, TUNEL staining (Colorimetric TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Kit, beyotime, C1091) and Masson’s trichrome staining (Masson’s Trichrome Staining Kit, beyotime, C0189S) were performed according to the instructions.

Techniques: Polymer

Journal: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Article Title: Restricting Synaptotagmin‐3 Internalization Mitigates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Curtailed Neuronal Apoptosis and Microglial Re‐Programming

doi: 10.1002/cns.70815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of 3Y on neuronal apoptosis and degeneration after ischemic‐reperfusion injury. (A) Representative images of the colocalization of TUNEL (red) with neurons (NeuN, green) within peri‐infarct area and quantitative analysis of the proportion of TUNEL‐NeuN double positive cells to the total NeuN‐positive cells. Scale bar = 50 mm. (B) The staining and quantitative analysis of FJC (green) 3 days post‐MCAO/R. Scale bar = 50 mm. (C) Representative western blot bands of caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax and Bcl‐2 in peri‐infarct area. (D) Quantitative analyzes of caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax and Bcl‐2 protein levels. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. Sham group, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001 vs. MCAO/ R + vehicle group. Error bars are represented as mean ± SEM. n = 4 per group.

Article Snippet: Thereafter, the sections were subjected to TUNEL staining using the Elabscience One‐step TUNEL In Situ Apoptosis Kit (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd., China).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Article Title: Restricting Synaptotagmin‐3 Internalization Mitigates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Curtailed Neuronal Apoptosis and Microglial Re‐Programming

doi: 10.1002/cns.70815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of cell types and gene differential expression analysis of the effects of peptide 3Y on neuron. (A) The flowchart procedure of snRNA‐seq analysis of brain penumbra tissue samples from 3Y‐ and vehicle‐treated mice with MCAO/R. (B) The unsupervised clustering of 20,696 cells. (C) The expression of classic gene markers for each cell subpopulation on the t‐SNE representation. (D) Heatmap for gene expression levels of top 10 cell‐type‐specific genes. (E) Left: T‐SNE visualization of cell types annotated by classical gene markers. Right: Bar plot showing the cell numbers of each cell type. (F) Heatmap showing the distribution density ratio of cells from 3Y‐ and vehicle‐treated mice under MCAO/R. The t‐SNE visualization is split into 200 × 200 bins equally. (G) Proportional histogram depicting the proportion alterations of 4 transcriptionally distinct cell types form 3Y‐ and vehicle‐treated mice. (H) Volcano plot showing the upregulated and downregulated DEGs (log2FC > 0.15, FDR < 0.05) between 3Y‐treated neurons and vehicle neurons. (I) Scatter plot of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs in neurons treated with 3Y. (J) Comparison of apoptosis scores of neurons between 3Y‐ and vehicle‐treated groups from REACTOME database. (K) Stacked histogram showing the expressed percentage of apoptosis‐related genes in neurons from 3Y‐ and vehicle‐treated groups.

Article Snippet: Thereafter, the sections were subjected to TUNEL staining using the Elabscience One‐step TUNEL In Situ Apoptosis Kit (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd., China).

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing, Gene Expression, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Listeria monocytogenes invasion in goat brain tissues: mechanisms of blood–brain barrier disruption and regulation of apoptosis and autophagy

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1748896

Figure Lengend Snippet: LM induces region-specific apoptosis in goat brains via regulating the Bcl-2/Bax balance. (A) TUNEL assay for apoptotic cells. (B) Western blot analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio (mean ± SE, n = 6). (C) IHC localization of Bcl-2 and Bax. Scale bar: 20 μm. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA (mean ± SE, n = 6). Statistical notation: P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.05 (ns); unpaired t -test. Arrows indicate TUNEL-positive cells (brown nuclei).

Article Snippet: Apoptotic cells were detected using the TUNEL BrightGreen Apoptosis Detection Kit (Vazyme) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Biomaterials Research

Article Title: Multiaction Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Prohealing Hydrogel as a Novel Strategy for Preventing Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula

doi: 10.34133/bmr.0194

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro compatibility of hydrogels. (A) Appearance of hydrogel in vitro hemolysis test (digital camera view) ( n = 3). (B) Statistical results of hemolysis rate of hydrogels in vitro. (C) Statistical results of cell viability of hydrogel samples with different compositions. (D) Dual staining of live and dead cells under the microscope for hydrogel samples with different composition ( n = 3). (E) TUNEL staining under the microscope for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel ( n = 3). (F) Apoptosis flow cytometry results for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel ( n = 3). (G) Statistical results of apoptosis flow cytometry for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel.

Article Snippet: TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) assay kit, live-dead double staining kit, annexin V-APC/7-AAD apoptosis kit, and cell cycle flow cytometry kit were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Microscopy, TUNEL Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Biomaterials Research

Article Title: Multiaction Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Prohealing Hydrogel as a Novel Strategy for Preventing Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula

doi: 10.34133/bmr.0194

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogel enhances cell proliferation and migration. (A) Scratch assay under the microscope for hydrogel samples with different compositions ( n = 3). (B) Statistical results of scratch assay for hydrogel samples with different compositions. (C) Cell cycle flow cytometry results for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel ( n = 3). (D) Statistical results of cell cycle apoptosis for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of key regulatory genes in the cell cycle for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel ( n = 3). (F) Quantitative analysis results of protein expression levels of key regulatory genes in the cell cycle for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel ( n = 3). (G) Statistical results of protein expression levels of key regulatory genes in the cell cycle for PC-OHAD@MP hydrogel.

Article Snippet: TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) assay kit, live-dead double staining kit, annexin V-APC/7-AAD apoptosis kit, and cell cycle flow cytometry kit were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, Expressing